AS 91157 · 4 credits · External
Genetic variation
Demonstrate understanding of genetic variation and change
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In plain EnglishAI study guide · check the NZQA standard
This standard asks you to show you understand how genetic variation happens in populations and how that variation changes over time. You need to know where new genetic differences come from (like through mutations and how genes combine during reproduction) and what causes some versions of genes to become more or less common in a population (like natural selection or random events).
What to do, grades and common mistakes
What you actually do
- ·Define and describe the sources of genetic variation, including mutation, independent assortment, segregation, crossing over during meiosis, and inheritance patterns involving dominance, co-dominance, and multiple alleles
- ·Use Punnett squares and genetic diagrams to work through monohybrid and dihybrid inheritance problems and predict genotype and phenotype ratios
- ·Explain how factors like natural selection, migration, and genetic drift change the frequency of alleles (different versions of genes) in a population
- ·Distinguish between linked and unlinked genes and explain how crossing over affects inheritance patterns
- ·Link biological concepts together to show how genetic variation and change are connected to population genetics
AAchieved
You identify correct gametes and complete Punnett squares accurately, define key terms like crossing over and natural selection, and describe what linked genes, genetic drift, and allele frequency mean.
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